visa refusal

i had applied for a long stay students visa for France for a Masters Program, but for some reason known best to the visa officer of the French consulate its going to be refused. She tells me that I need a workers visa while my Institute keeps telling me that I need a students visa.
my question is- does a visa refusal hamper my chances of getting another visa for France ( a tourist visa for example) or for any other country USA or Canada for that matter?
Please give your opinion